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The filtering of food items is assisted by hairy structures called lamellae which line the mandibles, and the large rough-surfaced tongue. Filter feeding is a popular feeding mode among aquatic organisms because it requires little active effort: just float around and let the food particles come to you. What Is a Filter Feeder? Whale sharks have been observed "coughing" and it is presumed that this is a method of clearing a build up of food particles in the gill rakers. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. The prey is then drawn to the body by contracting the fibres in a corkscrew fashion (image taken with an ecoSCOPE). 10 Facts About Whale Sharks, the Largest Shark Species, The Giant Siphonophore and More of the Largest Living Sea Creatures, Facts About Mysticetes - the Baleen Whales, M.S., Resource Administration and Management, University of New Hampshire, B.S., Natural Resources, Cornell University. Whale shark 5. The maximum size of whale sharks is not known, but could be as large as 20m. . A primitive type of shark, the bluntnose sixgill is thought to date back to the Triassic period, when dinosaurs still walked the earth. Follow us on Instagram at @natgeoyourshot or visit us at natgeo.com/yourshot for the latest submissions and news about the community. A basking shark in Canada's Bay of Fundy was the largest specimen ever found. Reread all or part of the text to help you answer the following question. The filtering apparatus is composed of 20 unique filtering pads that completely occlude the pharyngeal cavity. Certain type of jellyfish have an interesting mechanism that they use for filter feeding. Great white sharks, tiger sharks, and bull sharks are among the few shark species known to attack humans. Scientists have even identified a dinosaur called Gallimimus that may have been a filter feeder because its fossilized beak featured a sieve that would filter the food [source: Hecht]. Eco-friendly burial alternatives, explained. It may be surprising that some of the biggest fish in the sea, including baleen whales and some sharks, are filter feeders. To learn more about dining under the sea, visit the links that follow. Yes, the whale shark is a filter feeder. Megamouth Sharks prefer warm tropical waters and are found in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans. Suspended food (phytoplankton, zooplankton, algae and other water-borne nutrients and particles) are trapped in the mucus of a gill, and from there are transported to the mouth, where they are eaten, digested and expelled as feces or pseudofeces. They are vertical migrants spending their days at a depth of 390-520 feet and their nights near the surface between 39-82 feet. [25][26] In particular, it was probably a herbivore, filtering out algae and other small-sized flora from the substrates. Not according to biology or history. One of the most famous projects in that field is the Mussel Watch Programme in America. It is estimated that water enters through more than 80,000 incurrent canals at a speed of 6cm per minute. [5] The basking shark is a passive filter feeder, filtering zooplankton, small fish, and invertebrates from up to 2,000 tons of water per hour. This shark is a filter feeder rather than a predator like the Great White and is one of only three species of shark that feed this way, the others are the Basking Shark and the wonderfully named Megamouth Shark. However, only Pterodaustro showcases a proper pumping mechanism, having up-turned jaws and powerful jaw and tongue musculature. The megamouth shark is a rare shark and a large species, reaching weights of 2700 pounds (1215 kg). Write a narrative paragraph presenting an imaginary episode during the introduction of European goods to Japan. Some filter feeders are free-swimming organisms who filter the water while swimming or even actively pursue their prey. In essence, their foraging mechanism was similar to that of modern young Platanista "dolphins". All rights reserved. A sponge is a filter feeder that feeds on small particles in the water. "Filter-feeding dinosaur sieved its food." But some species, including a few of the biggest fish in the sea, spend their whole lives filter feeding. However, only Pterodaustro showcases a proper pumping mechanism, having up-turned jaws and powerful jaw and tongue musculature. The Basking Shark is bluish-grey with a white underbelly. These plates are triangular in section with the largest, inward-facing side bearing fine hairs forming a filtering mat. Basking Sharks have a larger range than Whale Sharks. What is the largest animal in the world and it is a filter feeder? This monster shark is not dangerous to people because its a filter feeder Its the biggest fish in the sea, Plants need this to produce their own food and energy, Mice should beware of this predatory bird at night, This carnivorous fish lives in the Amazon. The motion is so slow that copepods cannot sense it and do not react with an escape response. Whale Sharks tend to filter between 3-6 pounds of food an hour. filter feeder noun : an animal (such as a clam or baleen whale) that obtains its food by filtering organic matter or minute organisms from a current of water that passes through some part of its system Example Sentences Recent Examples on the Web The museum also features other creatures that shared the oceans with this filter feeder. (May 8, 2008)http://www.mdsg.umd.edu/CQ/V06N2/side2/index.html, "Animal." Filter feeders engage in one of the four major types of feeding, the others being deposit feeding (eating particles in soil), fluid feeding (as in spiders and hummingbirds), and bulk feeding (as in humans and most other animals). Scientific Name: Rhincodon typus. Examples of sessile filter feeders are tunicates (sea squirts), bivalves (e.g. [27] Description of the Whale Shark. It is a filter-feeder alongside megamouths and whale sharks. When hauled up on deck in 1976, this megamouth became the first specimen viewed by people. Here's a list of 20 different fascinating types of shark species from all over the world. Mention this behemoth and youll likely be met with blank stares. Basking Sharks are the second largest fish in the world. [14] Nutrient removal by shellfish, which are then harvested from the system, has the potential to help address environmental issues including excess inputs of nutrients (eutrophication), low dissolved oxygen, reduced light availability and impacts on eelgrass, harmful algal blooms, and increases in incidence of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). Most people's first thought of a shark is a large, fat animal with a mouth full of sharp teeth, but this is the minority. Encyclopdia Britannica. Filter feeders are a sub-group of suspension feeding animals that feed by straining suspended matter and food particles from water, typically by passing the water over a specialized filtering structure. Basking Sharks grow up to 26 feet in length and weigh up to 5 tons. Dissolved gases are brought to cells and enter the cells via simple diffusion. Each oyster filters up to five litres of water per hour. Their oddly shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they eat, and are uniquely used upside-down. This is accomplished using cilia, which are thin filaments that beat to produce a current over water over the gills. They are known to migrate every spring to the continental shelf of the central west coast of Australia. Filter feeders are important components of virtually all aquatic ecosystems. While whale sharks share the "whale" name with whales, the way they eat is different. In the animation at the top of this page, the krill is hovering at a 55 angle on the spot. Firefly Books. They are a really beautiful species that schools together nicely and also does not grow super large in size. Filter feeders can be important to the health of a water body. Gray whales live in shallow waters feeding primarily on bottom-living organisms such as amphipods. However, it is the smallest of the three species of filter-feeding sharks, behind the whale shark and the basking shark.The megamouth shark gets its name from the remarkably large, circular mouth. In the absence of an observation of the megamouth feeding, scientists turn to the next best thing. Preferring warm waters, whale sharks populate all tropical seas. Next we'll filter out just what's going on with these creatures. Basking sharks, another endangered filter feeder that can be mistaken for great whites, are also found off the Florida coast. Megamouth Shark (Megachasma Pelagios) In 1976, this species was discovered off the coast of Hawaii, where it has been sighted ever since. About 20 species of fish, including sardines and mackerel filter feed [source: Parker]. Whale Sharks are the largest and most active feeders, Basking Sharks look like deadly Great White Sharks but are really slow passive feeders, and Megamouths are vertical hunters that trap their prey with light. Some filter feeders are free-swimming organisms who filter the water while swimming or even actively pursue their prey. Long COVID patients turn to unproven treatments, Why evenings can be harder on people with dementia, This disease often goes under-diagnosedunless youre white, This sacred site could be Georgias first national park, See glow-in-the-dark mushrooms in Brazils other rainforest, 9 things to know about Holi, Indias most colorful festival, Anyone can discover a fossil on this beach. Contents Fish Crustaceans Baleen whales Bivalves Sponges Cnidarians Flamingos Unlike the other large filter feeders, it relies only on the water that is pushed through the gills by swimming; the megamouth shark and whale shark can suck or pump water through their gills. Right whales are slow swimmers with large heads and mouths. It is estimated that water enters through more than 80,000 incurrent canals at a speed of 6cm per minute. All filter feeders have specialized equipment for their meals. Water is expelled through a single osculum at a velocity of about 8.5cm/second: a jet force capable of carrying waste products some distance away from the sponge. SPINY DOGFISH SHARK: the most abundant shark 3 to 4 feet long slightly poisonous spines (not very harmful to people) used by people for food and research. A megamouth shark swims just beneath the ocean surface. Leuconia, for example, is a small leuconoid sponge about 10cm tall and 1cm in diameter. Chase Dekker Wild-Life Images/Getty Images. Basking sharks move water through their mouths by slowly swimming forward. Nephridia, the shell fish version of kidneys, remove the waste material. On one side of the plate are coarse, fibrous strands that make a net for capturing food like schooling fish; some whales can capture creatures smaller than 5 mm (0.2 inches) [source: Croll and Tershy]. Complete the sentence by inferring information about the italicized word from its context. Why wetlands are so critical for life on Earth, Rest in compost? Most forage fish are filter feeders. The scientist's theory was mostly conjecture, so the board of directors How did tobacco produced in the seventeenth-century southern colonies change European social and economic life? This species is an anomalocarid, a group of early marine animals from the Cambrian period (around 485-540 million years ago) that are generally thought to have been apex predatorssitting at the top of the food chain and eating smaller animals. Filter feeders can also indicate the health of water. However, some sauropsids have been suggested to have engaged in filter feeding. Baleen whales typically seek out a concentration of zooplankton, swim through it, either open-mouthed or gulping, and filter the prey from the water using their baleens. Caribbean reef shark 13. They both watch for predators. Their oddly shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they eat, and are uniquely used upside-down. The largest whale shark ever recorded was just over 41 ft. long. Bivalve are also largely used as bioindicators to monitor the health of an aquatic environment, either fresh- or seawater. You May Also Like: Explore These 25 Different Types of Sharks with Photos, Cute Infographic, Facts, and more! To understand megamouth feeding may require looking beyond sharks to another large finned creaturebaleen whales. Kennedy, Jennifer. Though they reach the size of a school bus, whale sharks eat tiny plankton and fish eggs, which they filter feed as they swim slowly along with their giant mouths wide . whale shark The whale shark is one of three large filter-feeding sharks; the others are the megamouth shark ( Megachasma pelagios) and the basking shark ( Cetorhinus maximus ). 2008. Like the whale shark, the megamouth shark is a filter-feeder with an unusually large mouth. Tiger shark 3. Megamouth sharks have protruding mouths that grow to an average of 4.3 feet wide. To catch prey, they widely open their lower jaw almost 90 swim through a swarm gulping, while lowering their tongue so that the head's ventral grooves expand and vastly increase the amount of water taken in. Eventually you'd recover from your bout of laziness to grill up a fat, juicy steak or at least order a cheesy pizza. For example, the Atlantic menhaden, a type of herring, lives on plankton caught in midwater. "The Encyclopedia of Sharks." Maybe you wished you could just open your mouth and have food enter? All Filter-Feeding Shark Species - Species List 3,723 views Oct 22, 2019 37 Dislike Share Save Gilles Delhaye 15.1K subscribers Species List Whale shark : (Rhincodon typus) Basking shark :. The Great White Shark They are among the top predators of the sea, and none prey on them (except Orcas). "What Is Filter Feeding?" In both feeding strategies water continuously flows out the gills. [citation needed], Tunicates, such as ascidians, salps and sea squirts, are chordates which form a sister group to the vertebrates. During the slight delay between closing the mouth and opening the gill flaps, plankton is trapped against the dermal denticles which line its gill plates and pharynx. Combined with its lacustrine environment, it might have occupied a similar ecological niche. Some animals that do this are clams, krill, sponges, baleen whales and many fish such as sharks. Marine Pollution Bull. Basking Sharks differ from Whale Sharks in their feeding behaviors as well. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Mussel farming as a nutrient reduction measure in the Baltic Sea: consideration of nutrient biogeochemical cycles. Their baleen plates are narrow and very long up to 4m (13ft) in bowheads and accommodated inside the enlarged lower lip which fits onto the bowed upper jaw. Buried bivalves feed by extending a siphon to the surface. As the right whale swims, a front gap between the two rows of baleen plates lets the water in together with the prey, while the baleens filter out the water. The motion is so slow that copepods cannot sense it and do not react with an escape response. Antarctic krill manages to directly utilize the minute phytoplankton cells, which no other higher animal of krill size can do. How a zoo break-in changed the life of an owl called Flaco, Naked mole rats are fertile until they die, study finds. The first known filter feeder is a large shrimp-like creature called Tamisiocaris borealis. Any shark lover knows that not all sharks are fierce predators with a mouth full of teeth. Encyclopdia Britannica. They are active filter feeders which means they either suction water into their mouths or they ram feed which means they swim forward forcing the water and food into their mouths. The megamouths strategy, however, is still a mysteryno one has ever seen them feeding. Product Features: 3-In-1 Cleaning : The Shark HydroVac vacuums, mops, and cleans itself at the same time to deep clean hard floors and clean area rugs. Water is expelled through a single osculum at a velocity of about 8.5cm/second: a jet force capable of carrying waste products some distance away from the sponge. "A Few Good Filter Feeders." In fact, shark scientists know very little about the basic biology of megamouth sharks. It then travels through the system where collar cells capture the food. Phagocytosis is the feeding mode most popular among many unicellular organisms, such as amoeba. The signature small filter feeder, Antarctic krill, rival human beings for the species with the greatest biomass on the planet. The comparative roles of suspension-feeders in ecosystems. ! As opposed to predators who seek out specialized food items, filter feeding is simply opening up your mouth and taking in whatever happens to be there, while filtering out the undesirable parts. Some animals that use this method of feeding are clams, krill, sponges, baleen whales, and many fish (including some sharks ). Great White shark 8. (2020, October 29). 10 Sharks That Are Critically Endangered, CERTAIN CONTENT THAT APPEARS ON THIS SITE COMES FROM AMAZON SERVICES LLC. Baleen whales typically eat krill in polar or subpolar waters during summers, but can also take schooling fish, especially in the Northern Hemisphere. Kennedy, Jennifer. But, what exactly are they? Other filter-feeding cnidarians include sea pens, sea fans, plumose anemones, and Xenia. Baleen whales also consume krill, which are tiny shrimp-like creatures. Sponges have no true circulatory system; instead, they create a water current which is used for circulation. Whale sharks have a large habitat and tend to be long range swimmers. Great white sharks like fatty meals and will, therefore, consume sea lions or a seal. Most species of barnacles are filter feeders, using their highly modified legs to sift plankton from the water. A filter feeder, also known as a suspension feeder, is any animal that obtains food by filtering water for nutritious particles. Which travel companies promote harmful wildlife activities? Most bivalves are filter feeders (although some have taken up scavenging and predation), extracting organic matter from the sea in which they live. In essence, their foraging mechanism was similar to that of modern young Platanista "dolphins". Additional cilia remove the food. Some plesiosaurs might have had filter-feeding habits.[29]. A reticulated mesh lies on the proximal surface of the pa Tellingly, these teeth, while small and numerous, are comparatively unspecialised to the baleen-like teeth of Pterodaustro. Suspended food (phytoplankton, zooplankton, algae and other water-borne nutrients and particles) are trapped in the mucus of a gill, and from there are transported to the mouth, where they are eaten, digested and expelled as feces or pseudofeces. Currently, the spotted wobbegong is listed as a species of least concern by the IUCN. 70. Filter feeders are mostly underwater creatures, although ducks and flamingos get in on the action as well [source: Hecht]. Some creatures don't have to go anywhere at all to filter feed, though. Though they are all gentle giants sharing the same diet, each species has a unique biology, habitat, and behavior. Porcelain crabs have feeding appendages covered with setae to filter food particles from the flowing water. A few specimens, like the one newly acquired by the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, are preserved in museums and institutions and are the basis for a lot of what we know about them. Is whale. Have you ever been so lazy that you didn't want to get up off the couch for a snack? In this paper we focus on the case study of the two large Mediterranean filter feeders, the fin whale and basking shark. A clam is a filter feeder. Mussels open their shells and draw in food, filtering food particles over their gills, while clams use mucus on their gills to catch plankton as they push water in and out of their siphons [source: Chesapeake Quarterly]. However, some sauropsids have been suggested to have engaged in filter feeding. As a filter feeder, the species follows the dense populations of plankton near the surface. In particular, it was probably a herbivore, filtering out algae and other small-sized flora from the substrates. Most forage fish are filter feeders. Please copy/paste the following text to properly cite this HowStuffWorks.com article: Filter feeding is a method of aquatic feeding in which the animal takes in many small pieces of prey at one time. If an aquatic animal isn't a filter feeder, it has to be a bulk feeder or bottom feeder. These plates also grow like fingernails, constantly replacing themselves as they're worn down by the whale's tongue. The Massive Filter Feeding Shark You Ought to Know. Water is drawn into the body through the inhalant buccal siphon by the action of cilia lining the gill slits. ThoughtCo, Oct. 29, 2020, thoughtco.com/what-is-a-filter-feeder-2291891. Being filter feeders mean that whale sharks just open their mouth and swim, allowing everything into their mouth. While specimens average 23-28 feet (7-8.5 m) in length, some basking sharks can grow up to 30-36 feet (9-11 m). (May 5, 2008)http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/207047/filter-feeding, Hecht, Jeff. The Megalodon was a massive predator, almost like a T-Rex of the sea, hunting large sea mammals, whales, large fish, and . The basking shark feeds on zooplankton, small fish, copepods, and invertebrates in the water. What is wind chill, and how does it affect your body? The whale shark is a filter feeder, eating plankton and tiny fish. Bivalves are also largely used as bioindicators to monitor the health of an aquatic environment, either fresh- or seawater. Due to its expansive mouth, the shark was named the megamouth. In this case, that includes comparing the anatomy of the available specimens to the anatomy of other filter feeders. Taylor Where is the Lemon Shark? Krill also makes up 94 percent of the diet of the filter-feeding crabeater seal [source: Croll and Tershy]. Other filter-feeding cnidarians include sea pens, sea fans, plumose anemones, and Xenia. "What Is a Filter Feeder?" Such a flow rate allows easy food capture by the collar cells. The feeding anatomy, behavior and diet of the whale shark Rhincodon typus were studied off Cabo Catoche, Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. 275286, This page was last edited on 3 February 2023, at 20:46. The 'extreme cruelty' around the global trade in frog legs, What does cancer smell like? 19 May 2008. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-a-filter-feeder-2291891. 8. Whale Shark This monster shark is not dangerous to people because its a filter feeder Its the biggest fish in the sea Sunlight Plants need this to produce their own food and energy Owl Mice should beware of this predatory bird at night Lion This predator hunts zebras and antelope Piranha This carnivorous fish lives in the Amazon Shrimp Basking sharks love zooplankton. [citation needed] Some birds, such as flamingos and certain species of duck, are also filter feeders. This distinguishes them from the other suborder of cetaceans, the toothed whales (Odontoceti). The Whale Shark diet consists mainly of zooplankton. These are often at the bottom of food chains. Oysters in the bay have declined due to overfishing and habitat destruction, so now it takes about one year for oysters to filter the water when it used to take about a week. Because a blue whale is the largest living animal, maybe even the largest animal that has ever lived, and it eats other animals for food using filter feeding, the blue whale is considered the largest living omnivore. This humpback uses its lower jaw to strain fish off the waters surface as sea birds snatch their own meals right out of the whales open mouth. - Nature's Best photographer, Bryce Flynn, one newly acquired by the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. In fact, this type of shark is so large that its eggs are twice the size of an ostrich's. The whale shark is a type of carpet shark. This distinguishes them from the other suborder of cetaceans, the toothed whales (Odontoceti). Unlike other sharks a Whale sharks is a filter feeder. Any material caught in the filter between the gill bars is swallowed. During the slight delay between closing the mouth and opening the gill flaps, plankton is trapped against the dermal denticles which line its gill plates and pharynx. In addition to these bony fish, four types of cartilaginous fishes are also filter feeders. Thankfully for filter feeders, the oceans are filled with gigatons of plankton at all latitudes. They are useful as they are sessile, which means they are closely representative of the environment where they are sampled or placed (caging), and they breathe water all the time, exposing their gills and internal tissues: bioaccumulation. Blue shark 7. 2008. How did tobacco shape the southern colonies? There have been some estimates that Basking Sharks can reach up to 33 ft in length. But . [6] Unlike the megamouth and whale sharks, the basking shark does not appear to actively seek its quarry; but it does possess large olfactory bulbs that may guide it in the right direction. The sponge expels the water through an opening known as the oscula. The crested horn is a bottom feeding shark, prefers in to hunt the reefs looking for small sea urchins, shellfish and bony fish. They are also a natural check to the deadly red tide. But despite sharing a similar feeding strategy, the three are not closely related and it is likely that they each evolved filter feeding independently. TAXONOMY. Stomatosuchidae is a family of freshwater crocodylomorphs with rorqual-like jaws and minuscule teeth, and the unrelated Cenozoic Mourasuchus shares similar adaptations. These large fish are also classed among the filter feeder sharks. Typically both shells (or valves) are symmetrical along the hinge line. Nothing too big, of course, because you also don't want to put forth much effort to chew. Not much is known about the species aside from their feeding . The Megamouth Sharks mouth is surrounded by bioluminescent organs called photophores that illuminate. Filter feeders can help clear water. How much water does a whale shark filter? They megamouth has a stout, chubby body that is brown with a white belly. Some filter feeders are sessile organisms - they don't move much, if at all. Are Sharks Endangered? Small fish are also part of the Whale Shark diet, but they will only feed on them when plankton is sparse. Scientists believe that the Chesapeake Bay's once-flourishing oyster population historically filtered the estuary's entire water volume of excess nutrients every three or four days. The suborder contains four families and fourteen species. Manta rays can time their arrival at the spawning of large shoals of fish and feed on the free-floating eggs and sperm. Feeding mechanisms in Triassic stem-group sauropterygians: the anatomy of a successful invasion of Mesozoic seas Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 135, 33-63, "Net Losses: Declaring War on the Menhaden", "The Massive Filter Feeding Shark You Ought to Know | Smithsonian Ocean", Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, "Feeding Behavior of the Porcellanid Crab Allopetrolisthes Spinifrons, Symbiont of the Sea Anemone Phymactis Papillosa", "Applying the System Wide Eutrophication Model (SWEM) for a Preliminary Quantitative Evaluation of Biomass Harvesting as a Nutrient Control Strategy for Long Island Sound", "The earliest herbivorous marine reptile and its remarkable jaw apparatus", "Plesiosaur Machinations XI: Imitation Crab Meat Conveyor Belt and the Filter Feeding Plesiosaur", "A Revised Classification of Suspension Feeders", Tradeoffs for locomotion in air and water, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Filter_feeder&oldid=1137284602, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2016, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Some aspects of water filtering activity of filter-feeders // Hydrobiologia. Scientists believe that the Chesapeake Bay's once-flourishing oyster population historically filtered the estuary's entire water volume of excess nutrients every three or four days. Filter feeders are animals that feed on matter and food particles from water. Yet the large body size of creatures may help them be filter feeders. Types of Shark Species Off the Peruvian Coast. Henodus was a placodont with unique baleen-like denticles and features of the hyoid and jaw musculature comparable to those of flamingos. The largest shark species in the world ironically eat the smallest animals. These magnificent creatures have a truly unique way of filter feeding. Springer. THIS CONTENT IS PROVIDED AS IS AND IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE OR REMOVAL AT ANY TIME.. Instead of relying on teeth, megamouths are filter feeders, meaning they sift out small plankton (like krill) from the water. Megamouth Sharks tend to follow the vertical migration patterns of plankton. Higher magnification showing a prey item, probably a copepod. The extinct swan Annakacygna is speculated to be a filter-feeder due to its bill proportions being similar to those of shoveler ducks. I think it may be. The mechanism is theorized to be a technique called cross-flow filtration, similar to some bony fish and baleen whales. 2008. Also, like Great White Sharks, they have gill slits that circle their neck. The whale shark, the largest shark, feeds on millions of tiny plankton in massive gulps, and is a favorite species recognizable by most.

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