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Everywhere around them, people fled into the streets, covered in gray dust and blood. Renata and Evelyne jumped out from behind a lifeboat and grabbed Josef by the hand. She had gone back for whatever she could take from the apartment. Mama just shook her head, her eyes full of worry. LitCharts | Summary & Analysis All 1600 LitChart PDFs are available for immediate download (including Refugee). A man in Damascus, the capital of Syria, was imprisoned for speaking out against Assad. All Mahmoud wanted to do was curl up into a ball and disappear. [6], For the 1983 science-fiction novel by Piers Anthony, see, https://www.litcharts.com/lit/refugee/characters/mahmoud-bishara, "That Huge Surprise in His Own Family Genealogy? Car horns beeped. A fist closed around Josefs heart, and he dove for the armband. Plan. Thank you! Isabel cried. Mahmoud told his dad that he wanted to board a boat and go to Italy, where he'd have a chance to go to school. Wait! Isabel ignored him. They had gotten up early and it had been a stressful day, and soon Ruthie was asleep in Mamas lap, and Mama dozed with her. third person. 12 year old Syrian boy; one of the main characters. Isabel is deeply tied to her Cuban heritage, particularly through her music. He scared Josef too. Nomads and refugees in western Pakistan and northern Iraq at one time totaled more than 5 million, many of whom have recently returned to . I was inspired to create this Sutori from Mahmoud, a character from the book Refugee by Alan Gratz. By tomorrow night, maybe. The smuggler had just told them their boat wasnt leaving tonight. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. The other policeman shook out his long black hair, and Isabel was startled to realize it wasnt a policeman at all. Josef! Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1699 titles we cover. He howled louder than a fighter jet, and his parents didnt even tell him to hush. Good and bad things happened either way. But what if his father had been hit by one of the bombs? Lito! Isabel braced herself between two of the benches, trying to catch her breath. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. Two. I have to find him! Chabela! her grandfather cried. Another policeman had caught his arm! Dont stop for anything. A skeleton in a threadbare suit three sizes too big for him. Mahmoud Bishara, 12, lives in Aleppo, Syria, in 2015. He and his mother and sister would be put off the train, maybe even sent to a concentration camp. My father was almost arrested, Isabel said. She wont take up any room!, Whether you were visible or invisible, it was all about how other people reacted to you. There were no trees, no shade, no parks or football fields or rivers. Mahmoud saw a cardboard box of used toys at one of the shops and knelt to dig in it while his Papi, stop it. It collapsed onto the sixth floor, and then into Mahmouds apartment, and on down like dominos. Flying highest above them all, as if to remind everyone who was in charge, was the red-and-white Nazi flag with the black swastika in the middle. Both sides oppose ISIL, the combination of ISIS and al-Quaeda, and the Kurds, supported predominantly by the USA, are fighting ISIL as well but support neither Al-Assad or the rebels.) What choice do we have? This isnt funny. Just then, Mahmouds father receives a text about a boat arriving. Dad started the engine, put the car into gear, and they were off. To no longer be a child. Evelyne and Renata were the genuine names of two sisters who came on the St. Louis, and they were the only ones permitted to disembark in Cuba since their father already resided there and had significant relations to the local authorities. More importantly, we have our lives. He didnt look happy about it, though. They didnt call it that then. At last! That voice, thought Josef. I am a college student studying to be an elementary school teacher. There werent the required ten men for the servicethere were a hundred men, probably more, all wearing yarmulkes on their heads and white-and-black tallisimprayer shawlsaround their shoulders. By train? His only distinguishing characteristics are big ears and wire-rimmed glasses. Josef stood and stared. Now. Mahmoud waited for his brother to finish, then rolled up their mats and went back to Struggling with distance learning? Three times a day they ate delicious meals in a dining room laid out with white linen tablecloths, crystal glasses, and shining silverware, and stewards waited on them hand and foot. When Mahmoud and his family finally got to the front of the line, late in the day, Mahmouds father presented their official documents to the border agent. Mahmoud realizes he is finally home. No station agents stopped to ask if they needed help finding their train. Mahmoud didnt like the sound of that, eitherto him, smuggler meant illegal, and illegal meant dangerous. Time to pray, Waleed. Jewish. Hana! his father cried. Klaus had winced to show Josef how sorry he was that Herr Meier had done that to him. Empathy and Social Responsibility. Tomorrow. Falling Action 1: Mahmoud and his family are imprisoned, along with hundreds of other Syrian refugees, for trying to cross the Hungarian border, which does not accept migrants. Finally, the Greek Coast Guard finds Mahmoud and his mother. After Herr Meier had called him in front of the class to show how Jews were inferior to real Germans, Josef had returned to his seat next to Klaus, his best friend in the class. He too wore his black hair cropped short, but he looked more like their mother, with narrower shoulders, thinner eyebrows, a flatter nose, and bigger ears. Mahmoud looked out the dusty car window as a jet fighter streaked by high above them, headed for Aleppo. Their boat was barely big enough for seven people, and with Luis and his girlfriend they were practically sitting on top of each other. And how exactly are they going to get better, Mariano? Ivn was a year older than Isabel and lived next door. Papi had already tried to flee Cuba twice. Refine any search. Waleed sat still as a statue, and he looked like one too. It was Isabels favorite place in the whole city. One such scholar is Mahmoud Mamdani who, although he shares many of Rouhana's concerns, makes a useful comparison between the Native American and Palestinian situations. But he knew better. She wont take up any room!, Instant downloads of all 1699 LitChart PDFs No! Papi cried, scrambling as far away from them as he could. Youve put us all in danger! Seor Castillo batted Geraldo Fernandezs arms away. It was the day Josef would leave his childhood behind and become a man, and he could hardly contain his excitement. Im just doing my job.. Teachers and parents! You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. Isabel opened her eyes and lowered the trumpet from her lips. We didnt ask you to come along! Its our gasoline! Isabels father yelled. The bright yellow Star of David armbands the Landaus wore were like magical talismans that made them disappear. Josef was so scared he wet himself, the warm liquid spreading through his nightclothes. That afternoon, a group of Hitler Youth were waiting for Josef outside the school. 5.6 million refugees have left their home and 6.6 million more have been internally displaced within Syria.) Mahmoud is doing homework, stopping briefly at prayer time, when a bomb hits their building. Their children looked like miniature versions of them, and acted like miniature adults toothere was very little crying and whining, and none of the kids were playing. And he wasnt the only one. And why not? Please, Isabel said. Then it was time for Josef to recite the blessing hed been practicing for weeks. But if they managed to survive the trip across the Straits of Florida and evade the US Coast Guard and actually set foot on United States soilbe caught with dry feetthey were granted special refugee status and allowed to remain and become US citizens. And what is your name, pretty one? Lito asked her. Ive been talking to him on WhatsApp, Dad continued, holding up his phone. But we have to go so all of us will be safe. No sirens rang. Banned from movie theaters in Germany because she was a Jew, Ruthie had seen her first cartoon on board during movie night and loved iteven if it was followed by a newsreel with Hitler yelling about Jews. Give us the whole sum of money! Cuban music that everybody seemed to hear except her. Klaus had joined the Hitler Youth not because he wanted to, but because German boysand their familieswere shamed and mistreated if they didnt. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. But by then it will be too late. Mahmoud remembered the horror hed felt when his apartment building collapsed and hed thought his mom was still inside. Mahmouds father was an engineer with a mobile phone company. A large portrait of Hitler hung in the middle of the room, watching over them all. Assuming we stop to sleep every night, thats a nineteen-day walk. Ill get another one in the States, she said. In all the times hed dreamed of this day, his father had always been there to recite a blessing with him. Being able to travel anywhere we want, anytime we want! said Amara. Beyond the next door was the German part of the train. There had been rationing and food coupon books back when Isabel was little. Isabel loved tagging along on trips into Havana to stand on a street corner and play her trumpet for pesos. He didnt even leave to go to the bathroom. The trick was to be invisible. But I have this. She held out the trumpet. Bicycles swung around and pedaled back. Josef tried to hide in the corner of his bed, but shadowy hands snatched at him. The desks were wide enough for three students at each, and Mahmoud sat between two other boys named Ahmed and Nedhal. To walk around getting noticed by the Syrian army or the rebels fighting them was just inviting trouble. Shed never known any other life except this one. At least take my sister! Mahmoud begged. Six of the best book quotes from Mahmoud Bishara, Please! Mahmoud cried. It was an ugly blue thing cobbled together out of old metal advertisements and road signs and oil drums. All she could think about was the ninety miles they still had to go, and the water pouring in from the gunshot hole in the side of the boat. Mahmoud and Waleed went tumbling, and the soldier in the back rolled on top of them. When Youssef and Mahmoud return to their cell and pass, Mahmoud: Hungary 2015, 17 days from home, refugee camp in a cold, muddy field surrounded by wired fence. Nobody knew a wave of revolutions would sweep through the Middle East, toppling governments and overthrowing dictators and starting civil wars. First, Josef said, we need some soap. Once they had found a bar, Josef showed them how to soap up a door handle so that it was so slick it was impossible to turn. Castro just said anybody who wants to can leave! Isabel felt as though her heart had been ripped out of her chest. What is the falling action of Mahmoud in refugee? But arguably Josefs most difficult decision is the one he must make at the novels conclusion: when the Nazis offer Rachel the option of releasing just one of her children, Josef sacrifices himself to relieve Rachel of this burden and to keep Ruthie out of the extermination camps. He rolled out two matsone for him and the other for Waleed. Get books for your students and raise funds for your classroom. Refugee by Alan Gratz (18) They were all going to Cuba to escape the Nazis, and now that they were finally away from the threats and violence that followed them everywhere in Germany, there was singing and dancing and laughter. He couldnt breathe. Mahmoud knew they needed their phones to help them get to Turkey. Go in there and unlock those doors this minute. Just because you had your bar mitzvah doesnt make you an adult, Renata told him, and Evelyne stuck her tongue out at him. I know, dear. Hey, were in luck! Mahmouds dad joked. I know a little shack in the cane fields. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. But as relieved as he was, he knew they still had so very far to go. Youre old enough to be her grandfather. Lito just took that as a challenge. The air was full of dust, and it scratched and tore at his throat as it went down, but Mahmoud had never tasted anything so sweet. The old taxis exhaust pipe made a sound like a gunshotPOK!and everybody ducked instinctively. I saw on the TV theyre accepting refugees. But they werent in Cuba anymore, were they? Chabela, come on! Mami was already in the boat, and Papi was helping Ivn in. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. Waleed went back to watching cartoons. On the train, Josef and his family sat in a compartment labeled J, for Jew, so no real Germans would sit there by accident. A jagged line of real bullet holes bisected Assads face. His breath came quick and deep, and his hands clenched into fists. Every sailor they met doffed his cap at them, and the steward who showed them to their cabin assured them that they could call upon him for anything they needed while on board. Mahmoud stared up at their building. It was like they were invisible. The man at the concession stand sold newspapers, and Josef took one and put a coin on the counter. What other ships were they talking about? The boy who had died so Ruthie could live. Random death from a fighter jets missile or a soldiers rocket launcher might come at any moment, when you least expected it. "Mahmoud's mother broke down in tears, and his father let the life jackets he carried drop to the ground. They become friends with Josef and Ruthie in Refugee. No, Papi and Lito said at the same time. Daesh? Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. Struggling with distance learning? Be free, Papi said finally. They are taken to the home of an elderly German couple who agree to take them in until they get settled. If you stood the ship on end, it would have been taller than any building in Berlin. Her brown face was splotchy with freckles, and her thick black hair was cut short for summer and pulled back behind her ears. Thats what they wantedto get out of Syria using the fastest path possible. When Syria rioted, their leader Bashar al-Assad turned against his own people and has warred against them ever since. He put a hand to it and came away with blood. But Mahmoud did everything he could to hide his size and his face, to stay under the radar. If you really looked at Mahmoud, got a glimpse under the hoodie he kept pulled down over his face, you would see a twelve-year-old boy with a long, strong nose, thick black eyebrows, and short-cropped black hair. The MS St. Louis had left all that behind. Not without Josefs father. Why did mahmoud and his brother receive poos of displeasure in the boat? From there, they could choose to return to Cubaand Castroor languish in a refugee camp while the United States decided what to do with them. It was a marriage procession, Mahmoud realized. The Free Syria Army and al-Qaeda are fighting there now. The door next to Mahmoud opened, and one of the soldiers nudged him up from the floor and into the back with Waleed. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1699 titles we cover. He was at the final stages of his maturity The people chose not to see them. The United States only let in a certain number of Jews every year, so Josefs family planned to live in Cuba while they waited. Back when they were Germans. Josef couldnt speak. He treated them like real passengers. Amara laughed and took his hand, and the two of them danced as best they could in the swaying boat. Something in the darkness outside his room moved with a grunt and a scuffle. Past the noise of the cars and trucks on the Malecn, past the people talking as they walked by, past the crash of the waves against the seawall behind her. Mahmoud again reinforces why it is so valuable to be invisible, as the alternativebeing noticedcan put a person in even more danger. What would once have been a happy occasion in the Landau home was now fraught with anxiety, thanks to his fathers paranoia. Struggling with distance learning? Your mother is pregnant, for one thing! Lito said. By tradition, ten or more Jewish men, a minyan, was needed for a public service. He saw two stewards who had stopped to look over the side at the sea and came up behind them. Take me back. Ruthie clung to her brother. It was usually held on the first Shabbosthe Sabbath, the Jewish day of restafter a boys thirteenth birthday. Josef and Ruthie went over to see what they were doing. He stood there awkwardly, not sure if he should stay or go. Thats when theyll snatch us. Germany is a long way away. Papi hissed as she disinfected them with the iodine. Maybe hed just been having a nightmare. He has a mother, a father, a younger brother, and a baby sister. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Be quiet! the shadow yelled, and it tossed Ruth down on the floor beside Josef. No. And the crew wasnt just being nice because they didnt know Josef and his family were Jews. But Josef and his mother and sister werent going anywhere. Hours later, the train pulled in to Hamburg Central Railway Station. We need more writers. He waved a hand at all the magazines and newspapers. Book hotel rooms. No, no, no, Lito said. Two more soldiers crammed themselves into the backseat, and the last one joined Mahmoud and Waleed in the back with their backpacks. Instant PDF downloads. notice him, maybe pull him and his family out of line. Look at this one! he said, pointing to the wet spot on Josefs nightclothes. They left as suddenly as they had come, and Josef and his sister and mother huddled together on their knees in the middle of the room. No one wore their Jewish armbands on the ship, and there were no Js above any of the passenger compartments, because all the passengers were Jews. He hadnt forgotten that if he were wearing his armband, this Isabel closed her eyes and focused. Gustav Schroeder, the ships diminutive captain, was there to greet them at the door. The capacity for global cooperation, as the pandemic shows, has shrunken to almost nil. But when the Soviet Union went away, so did all their support. My father just got out of a concentration camp. Shelves full of food at the store, Seora Castillo said. The card tables had been pushed to the sides of the room, and stewards were adding more chairs What nation and city had Mahmoud and his family been waiting in line to enter? Because I was just doing my job?. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. on her iPhone. Mahmouds mother broke down in tears, and his father let the life jackets he carried drop to the ground. Mahmouds mother was carrying their school backpacks, and she traded them for Hana. Fatima! He was about average height for his age, and he wore a gray double-breasted pin-stripe jacket, brown trousers, and a white shirt and blue tie. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. Bishar al-Assad. He glanced around the little cabin like the walls were closing in. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. Ivn and Luis father, as well as Seora Castillos spouse, is Seora Castillo. A boat to sail to the United States. She stood on the wide promenade, where it seemed all of Havana was on display. Something subhuman. toe in concrete dust. Please, take us with you! Can you tell us what made you decide to leave? Quickly! Seor Castillo called from the other side of the boat. Today, Josef said, I am a man. There were many hands to shake and many congratulations after the ceremony, but it was all a blur to Josef. This reminds Mahmoud of Hana, and, For four weeks, Mahmoud, Waleed, Youssef, and, Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. Waleed! In the year 1938, Josef Landauis a twelve-year-old Jewish child living in Berlin, Germany. Tomorrow,' he'd told Mahmoud's father." Alan Gratz author Refugee book Youssef Bishara character despair refugees smugglers concepts 07 Not so smart now, are you, pig? one of them had said. Three. Josef wasnt ready. They only see us when we do something they dont want us to do, Mahmoud realized., I see rocks! someone at the front of the dinghy yelled, and there was a loud POOM! More bullets whizzed by overhead, and soon the rebel soldiers whod been riding with them were returning fire, their automatic rifles booming in Mahmouds ears like he was in a barrel and they were beating on the outside of it with hammers. She got a hand to the side of the boat and looked back. It all sounded so wonderful, but when it came down to it, all Isabel really wanted was a place where she and her family could be together, and happy. the place feels mournful, as many people here lost someone in the crossing from Turkey. Hush, Ruthie. The circus is in town! Mahmoud looked around. I want you to go to college first, his mother told him. Mahmoud and his family had fallen into step with them and disappeared among their ranks. (including. Mahmoud watches as their own apartment building collapses. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. They were all alive! Isabel regretted that its brass was a little tarnished, but it was the most valuable thing she owned. Everything they owned was in these two backpacks. bomb, though, you needed walls. It was Waleed who spoke up. Hey, I know something funny we can do, he told them. Mama put her hands on Josefs and Ruthies heads. I dont know. No, no, her mother said. His head was bent low, but his voice was loud and clear. Please, take us with you!, At least take my sister! Mahmoud begged. Soon enough, a steward balancing a large silver tray came down the hall from the other end and knocked on a door. Amara, she said. I want to be able to choose who I vote for, Luis said. The steward couldnt see because of the big platter he held, and as he fumbled with the knob he lost his hold on the tray and the whole thing came crashing down with a great clatter. Officer Padron just looked away. They all continue to walk for twelve hours, all the way to Austria and freedom. asked. Tomorrow. A boy about Josefs age, sworn to live and die for the Fatherland. Mahmoud: Aleppo, Syria - 2015 (2) .that matters to him in this moment is finding Fatima, Waleed, and his infant sister, Hana . The soldiers throw tear gas and take the refugees into custody,loading the subdued refugees up in trucks and driving them to a detention facility almost all the way to Austria. He wore the same thing he did every time he was on television a green military jacket and flat round capand sat behind a row of microphones. Mama pulled Ruth into her lap. Isabel thrust her trumpet into his arms. Alan Gratz the front cover. In the seat beside him, Waleed sat up straight next to his open window, unmoving and unfazed. No, no, you cant go through Azaz anymore, the soldier said. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. They came to a compartment with a man in the uniform of the Gestapo, the Nazis Secret State Police, and Josef stumbled. Ruthie skipped ahead of Josef along the sunny Promenade deck, happier than hed ever seen her before. It was getting harder and harder to get food in the city. Just a moments kindness from each of them might mean the difference between death and survival for her mother and everyone else on the little raft. We cannot continue guarding the borders of the United States while they send their CIA to instigate riots in Havana. Were refugees! Mahmoud yelled, unable to stay silent any longer. Mahmoud? The fear hed felt when they couldnt reach his father. The soldiers might be with the Syrian army, or with the Syrian rebels. His home was totally destroyed. Hundreds of Germans have come forward to provide food, drink, and other goods. A warm breeze lifted Isabels short curly hair and raised goose bumps on her arms. -Graham S. The president and prime minister of Cuba during the period of, Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. He wanted to be a professional baseball player when he grew up, and he was good enough that it wasnt a crazy dream. And freedom. Refugee is a book that addresses a real-life issuethe tough lives of refugees from many times and places of the worldin an action-packed adventure that (I hope) young readers wont be able to put down. His uncle had worn a tuxedo and his bride had worn a dress of sparkling jewels and a tiara, and they had been escorted by a dozen cars to a party where Mahmoud had eaten a piece of the delicious seven-tiered cake and danced with his mother to a real band. We sent them back to Europe and Hitler and the Holocaust. Yes. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. Im sorry. When the Jewish refugees are rejected from entering Cuba and it seems likely that the ship is going to take them back to Germany, Josef works with other passengers to try to take the ship hostage so that they can avoid this fate. For John Gratz Tomorrow, hed told Mahmouds father. He was filled with sadness for the boy his age. But he knew better. Mami was very pregnantshe was due in a weeks timeso Isabel knelt down to find the iodine. Mahmoud and his parents soon become exhausted, trying desperately to hold the two young children above the water. Germany? Mahmouds mother said. Fidel Castro had said that anyone who wanted to leave was welcome to go, but that was hours ago. Then, they sneak into Serbia in a taxi, as they dont have official papers. The old man in the car slows and takes pity on them, offering them a place to stay. It wasnt my mother and father, and you, Lito. Our father is waiting for us in Cuba, Renata told them. The world was a whirlwind of bricks and broken dishes and table legs and heat, and Mahmoud slammed into a cabinet. Mahmoud took his younger brother by the hand, turned around, and found a different way home. Do you have any relatives back in Miami that you want to send a message to? the reporter asked. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. the leader of Syria in 2015. No! Renata and Evelyne burst into laughter. Advertisement. But you have fish to eat. Hundreds of them. Ruthie Landau/Rosenberg, Ruthie Landau/Rosenberg, Ruthie Landau/R Lito/Mariano Padron is a character in the film Lito/Mariano Padron. mother and brother and sister walked on. It was getting there that was the hard part. You should stand up for your country! Struggling with distance learning? Isabel held her breath, and soon the fisherman came back with two enormous plastic jugs of gasoline. Isabel watched as Mami cleaned his cuts with a washcloth. The police were shooting at them! Hands grabbed Isabel and helped her climb the side of the boatIvn! A year after that, Khalid had died in an airstrike anyway. We can stay there until all this is over. Were against whoever is dropping the bombs on us, he said. See here, he told Mahmouds father, youll have to go over to Qatmah, and then north through Qestel Cindo. [1] Similar novels written by Alan Gratz also include Prisoner B-3087 and Allies. As Mahmoud and his family travel from Syria to Germany, they become stranded in the Mediterranean sea when their boat capsizes in the water. They needed a place to hide from Hitler. He wanted to look away, but he was worried that might make the guards think he was hiding something. Answers: 1. Shes a baby. This gains a large amount of media attention, and Austrians greet them at the border with food, water, and medicine. But that trumpet was everything to you! No, not everything, Isabel thought. (including. Isabel caught up with her father and grandfather, then parted ways with them on the Malecn, the broad road that curved along the seawall on Havana Harbor. Complete your free account to request a guide. Things will get better. I just have to grab a few things. Mom, no! Go, she told Mahmoud, pushing them all toward the door. Josef Landau is a twelve-year-old Jewish boy living in Berlin, Germany, in 1938. They were headed for Hamburg, on the north coast, where his father would meet them to board their ship. Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days from home (1). Mahmoud Bishara is a 12-year-old boy from Aleppo, Syria who lives in 2015 in the book Refugee. He realizes that even being observed is an invitation to danger, and therefore.

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