Numerous troops of the Kentucky National Guard tried to quell the violence taking place in Louisville. Numerous National Guard troops andMarineswere called into D.C. to help maintain order. And the state had used its fair share of clubs, guns, teargas and more to quash everything from labor strikes to legal protests. The reason for the eruption of violence is the feeling of loss African Americans . There Are no riots in Montreal to Force a club to abandon its May i remind or. 1190 BC) and soon afterwards to form . The purple portion is Cincinnati proper, the light green portion is Ohio, and the light yellow portion is Kentucky. Neighborhood and Lexington Urban Renewal 1965, Midway Womans Club and the Better Community Project. Learn how the Vietnam War and the construction of a gym on campus prompted Columbia University student groups to protest the administration in 1968. April 11, 2018. However the small and unprepared police response simply upset the crowd more, which continued to grow. The result: a further fracturing of liberalism, arguably the nations most powerful political creed since the New Deal. Race Riots of 1968. On May 27, a group of 400 people, mostly blacks, gathered at 28th and Greenwood Streets, in the Parkland neighborhood. Bulk was created as a group to involve the more militant and youth groups of the black community. On May 27, a group of 400 people, mostly blacks, gathered at 28th and Greenwood Streets, in the Parkland . The second part of this three-part series can be seen on WAVE 3 News on Monday at 6p.m. Steve Crump is a Louisville native and reporter for WAVE 3 News' sister station, WBTV, in Charlotte, N.C. A small donation would help us keep this available to all. Most white residents also left the West End, which had been almost entirely white north of Broadway, from subdivision until the 1960s. It's Really Happening:' The Louisville Race Riot of 1968," Kentucky History Journal, vol. Manfred Reid, a current Louisville Housing Commission member, was also on 28th Street that dayand felt the tension in the air weeks earlier, at 23rdand Broadway. On May 27, 1968, a rally took place at 28th and Greenwood to protest the arrest of Charles Thomas and Manfred G. Reid. Six units of the national guard, over 2,000 guardsmen, were ordered to Louisville. 532 - Nika riots . [iv] Bryants esteemed position in multiple groups and her co-operation with the white community show that although there was attempts to work peacefully for change, some of the citizens in the community felt that the co-operation attempts of community leaders were not effective enough. Manfred Reid, a real estate broker, was nearby and questioned the arrest. . After bottles were thrown by the crowd, the crowd became unruly and police were called. The Louisville riots of 1968 refers to riots in Louisville, Kentucky in May 1968. Book excerpt: On May 8, 1968, a white Louisville police officer, Michael Clifford, pulled over Black schoolteacher Charles Thomas, who was friends with Manfred Reid, a West End real estate broker. In order to understand the turbulent era of the 1960s-70s and the stress that impacted the times, the country at large, people and students everywhere and the various federal, state and local law enforcement agencies, here is a list of the major US riots . Local businessman Lawrence Montgomery was among the fearful parents. Looting and shooting occurred, buildings were burned, two teens were killed, and 472 people were arrested. Clippings from the Courier-Journal found at the Louisville Public Library on the 1968 Louisville Riots. These were the pervasive questions shaping American conversation in 1968. The grim tally deepened the despair and sense of dread: 39 dead, more than 2,600 injured and countless African-American communities ravaged, left with millions of dollars in damages and losses. From colonial times to today, educators . So serious was the revolt that in late May the French president, Charles de Gaulle, met . All rights reserved. The Louisville riots of 1968 refers to riots in Louisville, Kentucky in May 1968. And while Johnson was among those who maintained that the countrys democracy was fundamentally healthy, most other American leaders and activists disagreed. Washington, D.C., Aug. 1The nation's capital, near two-thirds Negro in population, appeared heading for a riot when bands of Negro youths went on a midnight rampage, tossing bottles and bricks . By 8:30, the crowd began to disperse. By Charles Fentress / Courier-Journal May 26, 1967. When educators teach about the Civil Rights Movement we typically hear stories of black leaders such Martin Luther King Jr . Their murders fueled the notion that King had been prophetic about the nation being sick and troubled., Firefighters battle a store fire set off during riots in Harlem, New York City, after the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. (Credit: Bettmann Archive/Getty Images). The 1968 Louisville riots refers to riots in Louisville, Kentucky in May 1968. The assassination was also a catalyst for civil unrest and many took to the streets to express their grief and anger in the forms of marches and protests. For a time, the promise of nonviolence as a means to advance social change appeared to have been defeated. The Civil War alone left more than half a million dead. The colt is such a prohibitive favorite among . Fourteen-year-old James Groves was shot dead by Louisville police, and 19-year-old Mathias Browder fired upon by a business owner for an alleged act of looting at a liquor store. However, silent aftermath still lingers along this once-thriving corridor, impacting the city's decision-makers like Metro Council President David James. Police made 472 arrests related to the riots. The unrest in the nations capital led to over 1,000 buildings being burned and $27 million in damages. By Larry Spitzer / Courier-Journal May 27-28, 1968, Rioting in western Louisville at 28th & Greenwoord Streets, over civil rights issues. A crowd of 200 or so African Americans gathered and began yelling at the officers. Required fields are marked *. The year began with the United States still embroiled in a seemingly endless war. Women and Factory Work in Lexington During the Civil Rights Era, International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (IBEW), Black Churches in the Civil Rights Movement in Lexington, Kentucky, Oral History Interviews on Churches in the Civil Rights Movement, Request Author Role and Start a Research Journal, http://public.eblib.com/EBLPublic/PublicView.do?ptiID=605903, Perspectives of Teachers on Integration in Kentucky, Diigo Group: KY women and civil rights history. See also "PHOTOS: The 1968 Louisville Riots" at the WHAS11 website. Sie knnen Ihre Einstellungen jederzeit ndern, indem Sie auf unseren Websites und Apps auf den Link Datenschutz-Dashboard klicken. In Louisville's Parkland neighborhood, the scars of 1968 riots are still visible. By Larry Spitzer / Courier-Journal May 27-28, 1968, National Guardsmen patrol the streets of Parkland following a night of rioting. As in many other cities around the country, there were unrest and riots partially in response to the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., on April 4. However, rumors (which turned out to be untrue) were spread that Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee speaker Stokely Carmichael's plane to Louisville was being intentionally delayed by whites. The U.S. had a deep history of political assassinations and bombings committed by shadowy groups or lone wolves with murky causes. March 3. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, August 15, 1857, Image 1, brought to you by Wisconsin Historical Society, and the National Digital Newspaper Program. The intersection, and Parkland in general, had recently become an important location for Louisville's black community, as the local NAACP branch had moved its office there. An open housing protester is dragged to a paddy wagon by Louisville police. We are becominga violent nation of violent people, the Louisville Courier-Journal moaned. 7,000 - 15,000 citizens were involved in a riot near the city's hippodrome. Learn how and when to remove this template message, Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1968_Louisville_riots&oldid=1117340874, African-American history in Louisville, Kentucky, African-American riots in the United States, Articles needing additional references from February 2016, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 21 October 2022, at 05:44. 1951 Temple's Bill Mlkvy scores an NCAA-record 73 points in a 99-69 rout over Wilkes. The protests were largely peaceful but a large group of . Clifford was suspended for brutality in the arrest, but on May 23, a . The community was angered by the governments inability to protect and promote their personal and communal rights. He even announced the formation of a National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence, which later concluded that the root cause of Americas sickness was a dearth of employment and educational opportunities in Americas inner cities. The Commission ultimately recommended that the United States overhaul its criminal justice system, adopt a national firearms policy to restrict access to handguns, provide more opportunities for youth to work in public service, and improve the conditions of family and community life for all who live in our cities, and especially for the poor who are concentrated in ghetto slums.. Complete A-Z List or The question crossed the lips of political leaders, activists and those in the nations mainstream news media. Grant County herald. Weitere Informationen ber die Verwendung Ihrer personenbezogenen Daten finden Sie in unserer Datenschutzerklrung und unserer Cookie-Richtlinie. Way Up North in Louisville African American Migration in the Urban South, 1930-1970 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2010), . Many Louisville police officers began a period of soul searching during the summer of 2020, after spending night after night sweating in riot gear, . King himself questioned the efficacy of his nonviolent movement at times. Whether one considers assassination, group violence or individual acts of violence, the decade of the 1960s was considerably more violent than the several decades preceding it and ranks among the most violent in our history. And the violence of 1968 in particular clashed with Americans notions of what it meant to be a 20th-century superpowerespecially one touting the ideological supremacy of democratic rights and freedoms amid the anxieties of the Cold War. LOUISVILLE, Ky. Two police officers were shot Wednesday night during downtown protests that erupted after a grand jury's decision not to charge the officers . Copyright 2018WAVE 3 News. His death would be the final straw in what would lead to a plethora of riots across the United States. Elizabeth Flock, Martin Luther King Assassination in 1968 a Cruel and Wanton Act, The Washington Post, http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/martin-luther-king-assassination-in-1968-a-cruel-and-wanton-act/2012/04/04/gIQA2woVvS_story.html; James Coates, Riots Follow Killing of Martin Luther King Jr, Chicagotribune.com, http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/politics/chi-chicagodays-kingriots-story-story.html; Project Gutenberg, King Assassination Riots. Project Gutenberg Self-Publishing, http://www.self.gutenberg.org/articles/eng/King_assassination_riots?View=embedded. All Rights Reserved. The Louisville riots of 1968 refers to riots in Louisville, Kentucky in May 1968. Work with the NAACP and CORE of Lexington, Aeronautical Achievers, Women in the Kentucky Aviation Hall of Fame, Civil Rights Movement in Kentucky KHS Oral History Project, Crossroad of East Third Street and Former Deweese Street, Integrations Effects on the Neighborhood, Lansdowne Neighborhood Oral History Program, Martin Luther King Jr. Riots. List of Sources President Lyndon B. Johnson called in the National Guard to the city on April 5, 1968, to assist the police department in quelling the unrest. The riot resulted in more than 4,000 arrests and over a thousand business had been burned or looted. In the 1960s, racial tension had been growing in Louisville. Riots occurred in Louisville, Kentucky, in May 1968. document.getElementById( "ak_js" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. A dry cleaning business was looted during a night of rioting in Park Hill on May 27-28, 1968. FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. War. Five decades on, its equally clear that the legacy of peaceful protest on behalf of economic and social and civil rightsthe idea of peaceful electoral change through the ballot boxdidnt die in 1968. One of the largest crises in Ohio prison history began on April 11, 1993, when 450 prisoners rioted at the maximum security Southern Ohio Correctional Facility in Lucasville. There were several speakers, and a rumor circulated that Stokely Carmichael would be speaking. Seeing his friend harassed, Reid confronted the police, who then beat and arrested both men. And while recent investments remain relatively contained to a few blocks, community members say they hope the efforts will spread across the impoverished neighborhood, filling in vacant homes and reducing violent crime. Six units of the national guard, over 2,000 guardsmen, were ordered to Louisville. See how their numbers swelled into the thousands and inspired student protests all over the country. This turmoil was apparent all throughout the nation as racial tensions rose to a volatile level. By laurenbailly. The crowd was protesting against the possible reinstatement of a white officer who had been suspended for beating a black man some weeks earlier. As in many other cities around the country, there were unrest and riots partially in response to the assassination. Indeed, for many on both the left and the right, there was a feeling that the systemthe nations institutions, be they civic, political or religioushad become complicit in fomenting the violence (Vietnam). The protests lead to more violence and destruction in the neighborhood. At the end of the rally a confrontation occurred between some who had attended the rally and the police who were patrolling the intersection of 28th and Greenwood. Wenn Sie Ihre Auswahl anpassen mchten, klicken Sie auf Datenschutzeinstellungen verwalten. Several community leaders arrived and told the crowd that no decision had been reached, and alluded to disturbances in the future if the officer was reinstated. Rioting in Louisville, KY (1968), Notable Kentucky African Americans Database, accessed March 5, 2023, https://nkaa.uky.edu/nkaa/items/show/1217. The intersection, and Parkland in . "We had a great day.". Racial prejudice inspired unrelenting barbarity against African-Americansslavery, lynching and systemic police brutalityalong with steady outbreaks of violence directed at a wide swath of ethnic minorities and immigrants. The Louisville riots of 1968 refers to riots in Louisville, Kentucky in May 1968. And in a prelude to his later famed silent majority speech, he hailed the quiet voiceof the great majority of Americans, the forgotten Americansthe non-shouters; the non-demonstrators. That's where the trouble began. The Louisville riots of 1968 refers to riots in Louisville, Kentucky in May 1968. [ii] Luther Adams. The intersection, and Parkland in general, had . The emphasis on non-violent strategies used during the Civil Rights Movement distracts from the anger and frustration of many of the black citizens of the time. "Somebody in a group dropped a bottle. However the small and unprepared police response simply upset the crowd more, which continued to grow. Of course, politicians stepped in, beat their chests and proffered their prescriptions. The police, including a captain who was hit in the face by a bottle, retreated, leaving behind a patrol car, which was turned over and burned. By midnight, rioters had looted stores as far east as Fourth Street, overturned cars and started fires. By Larry Spitzer / Courier-Journal May 27-28, 1968, Police fire tear gas at rioters during the height of racial tensions in Louisville. MORE FROM WAVE3.COM + 50th Anniversary of Louisville Riots of 1968 + Two-minute horse race took years to sort out 1968 winner + City honors life, legacy of Rev. [2], Learn how and when to remove this template message, Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1968_Louisville_riots&oldid=1117340874, This page was last edited on 21 October 2022, at 05:44. 1968 - Louisville riots of 1968, May 1968 (Louisville, Kentucky, USA) 1968 - Glenville Shootout, Cleveland, OH; 1968 - 1968 Democratic National Convention riot, Aug. 1968, (Chicago, Illinois, USA) 1968 - Rodney Riots, (Kingston, Jamaica) 1969 - Sir George Williams Computer Riot, (Montreal, Canada) On May 27, a group of 400 people, mostly blacks, gathered at 28th and Greenwood Streets, in the Parkland neighborhood. Clay Risen, The Night New York Avoided a Riot, The Morning News, https://themorningnews.org/article/the-night-new-york-avoided-a-riot. But it was more than just the two political assassinations of towering liberal and civil-rights leaders. And there was acounty policeman on the side of the porch with a double barrel shotgun," Clay said. A scuffle occurred between Clifford and Reid. "I'm on the phone calling the Courier-Journal to tell them I got it covered," he recalled. This is a chronological list of riots: 121 BC - Roman Election Riot of 121 BC (Rome, Roman Republic) 113 BC - Roman Election Riot of 113 BC (Rome, Roman Republic) 40 - Riots erupted in Alexandria (Roman Egypt) between Jews and Greeks. The Louisville riots of 1968 refers to riots in Louisville, Kentucky in May 1968. The destruction in the neighborhood is especially tragic because the rioters destroyed or greatly damaged numerous black businesses. Aubespin was in the middle of the violent chaos, and so was Ken Clay, who owned a record and bookstore called the Jazz Corner at 28thand Greenwood. The group chose to start a protest against the officers reinstatement and ill treatment of the community. Several days of eruptive disturbances forced the state to call in 2,000 National Guardsmen. VIDEO: Why Did Columbia University Students Protest in 1968? For a take on the long-term impact, see Glowicki, "In . "There was some banging on the side of his car," Owenrecalled. Download The Anatomy of a Riot book PDF by James H. Lincoln and published by . Riots and protests broke out in west Louisville in 1968 after the traffic stop of a Black school teacher, Charles Thomas, turned violent, leading to an officer's suspension, firing, and reinstatement. [7]Ligaes externas Learn how your comment data is processed. On May 27, 1968, a group of 400 people, mostly blacks, gathered at Twenty-Eight and Greenwood Streets, in the Parkland neighborhood. The crowd was protesting against the possible reinstatement of a white officer who had been suspended for beating a black man some weeks earlier. Such a late date would enable the toponym of the "Way of the Land of Philistines" in the Exodus tale (Exod. Minor clashes broke out as some protesters threw stones at the offices of Greece's rail operator and riot police and set . The intersection, and Parkland in general . Was the United States sick? 48-64; "Troops and Negroes Clash in Louisville Disorder," New York Times, 5/29/1968, p. 17; and the many articles in the Louisville Times, Courier-Journal and other local papers beginning May 28, 1968. War. A crowd of 200 or so African Americans gathered and began yelling at the officers. On January 31, 1968, communist troops launched an offensive during the lunar new year, called Tet. 13-16. April 6, 1968 Army Troops in Capital as Negroes Riot . Riots. In 1968, 34 people died in a crash in the southern Peloponnese region. Twice a week we compile our most fascinating features and deliver them straight to you. The sickness seemed to flare anew on the streets of Chicago outside the Democratic National Convention in August. Former reporter Merv Aubespin's graphic accounts, connected to several days of rioting, made front page news 50 years ago this month. In the 1960s, racial tension had been growing in Louisville. The . [iii] These groups may have been more prone to take the events in their community to a degree total rebellion. Reid's arrest, combined with Dr. Martin Luther King's Jr.'s assassination weeks earlier -- and the reality of other cities going up in flames -- all contributed to a highly charged, volatile environment. The two men were eventually arrested, but charges were ultimately dropped. LOUISVILLE, KY (WAVE) - Decaying structures along West Louisville's 28thStreet offer compelling and chilling reminders of a critical turning point in this city's life. In April 1968 after the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. in Memphis, Tennessee, rioting broke out in cities across the country from frustration and despair. As in many other cities around the country, there were unrest and riots partially in response to the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., on April 4. 1968 - Louisville riots of 1968, May 1968 (Louisville, Kentucky, USA) 1968 - Glenville Shootout , Cleveland, OH 1968 - 1968 Democratic National Convention riot, Aug. 1968, ( Chicago , Illinois , USA ) When Kennedy was murdered by a 24-year-old Palestinian on June 5, President Johnson mourned how a climate of extremism, of disrespect for law, of contempt for the rights of others had led to an outbreak of uncontrollable violence. This event lead to the involvement of a local group called the Black Unity League of Kentucky (BULK). The murders, riots, and church bombings during the civil rights struggles of the 1950s and 1960s. A scuffle occurred between Clifford and Reid. And while the abuses of urban police departments remain rampant 50 years on, the Black Lives Matter movement, combined with increasing media scrutiny of police violence against African-Americans, serve as reminders that efforts to reform police practices and the criminal-justice system remain central to the political conversation. Just 23 years after the United States led a coalition to defeat the evil of Nazi fascism, Western democracy itself seemed engulfed in one violent outbreak after another. A couple watching news footage of the Vietnam war in their home. New York Times (1923-Current file); May 31, 1968; ProQuest Historical Newspapers The New York Times (1851 2007), Your email address will not be published. In 1968 and 1969, there was a war on in York. Assassinations. Chumbley, Kenneth Lawrence (interviewer), and Bryant, Ruth. events of May 1968, student revolt that began in a suburb of Paris and was soon joined by a general strike eventually involving some 10 million workers. On May 27, 1968, a rally took place at 28th and Greenwood to protest the arrest of Charles Thomas and Manfred G. Reid. [ii]. To request an account and contribute to this open knowledge initiative, contact Randolph Hollingsworth, hollings AT mail.h-net.org. In Washington D.C., the riots began on the same day Dr. King was assassinated. 2:32. As in many other cities around the country, there were unrest and riots partially in response to the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., on April 4.On May 27, a group of 400 people, mostly blacks, gathered at 28th and Greenwood Streets, in the Parkland neighborhood. Bei der Nutzung unserer Websites und Apps verwenden wir, unsere Websites und Apps fr Sie bereitzustellen, Nutzer zu authentifizieren, Sicherheitsmanahmen anzuwenden und Spam und Missbrauch zu verhindern, und, Ihre Nutzung unserer Websites und Apps zu messen, personalisierte Werbung und Inhalte auf der Grundlage von Interessenprofilen anzuzeigen, die Effektivitt von personalisierten Anzeigen und Inhalten zu messen, sowie, unsere Produkte und Dienstleistungen zu entwickeln und zu verbessern. An identity check by police on two black men in a car sparks the Watts riots, August 11-17, 1965, in Los Angeles, which leave 34 dead and tens of millions of dollars' worth of . [i] The West End Community of Louisville Kentucky embraced and demonstrated their anger and opposition to oppression of the black community. * 1968 - Louisville riots of 1968, May 27, Louisville, Kentucky * 1968 - Glenville Shootout, July 23-28, Cleveland, Ohio * 1968 - Liberty City riot, Aug. 7-13, Miami, Florida * 1968 - 1968 Democratic National Convention protests riot, Aug. 1968, Chicago, Illinois Rioting in Louisville, KY (1968) In the 1960s, racial tension had been growing in Louisville. President Lyndon B. Johnson condemned the assassination of Dr. King and initiated a series of legislative acts which many in the White House believed would improve conditions for African Americans in the inner cities. 184-189. In the wake of the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr, much of the country was in civil unrest. 1968 - Trenton Riot of 1968, April 9-11, Trenton, New Jersey; 1968 - 1968; 1968 - Louisville riots of 1968, May 27, Louisville, Kentucky; 1968 - Akron riot, July 17-23, Akron, Ohio; 1968 - Glenville Shootout, July 23-28, Cleveland, Ohio; 1968 - 1968 Miami riot, August 7-8, Miami . Police violently expelled student protesters from buildings on Columbia University Morningside Heights campus, dealing a blow to the idea of college campuses as havens for American dissent. Simon Wallace is proud of his barbershop, where he knows the customers by name. [i] Violence Flares Up In Louisville Again; Arrests Reach 350. As in many other cities around the country, there were unrest and riots partially in response to the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., on April 4. "I was successful in getting him out of there.". The black community was angry and felt decided to display their anger throughout the neighborhood. Clay was stunned bythe officer's actions. Police in riot gear could be seen blocking nearby streets. The intersection, and Parkland in general, had . The skirmish escalated, growing into a full-fledged riot in the West End, lasting for almost a week. Or, at the very least, it had been unable to restrain Americans pervasive violent impulses. / 5 (users download) GET BOOK! Reid still clings to the moment. As in many other cities around the country, there were unrest and riots partially in response to the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., on April 4. Looting and shooting occurred, buildings were burned, two teens were killed, and 472 people were arrested. (Credit: Photo 12/UIG/Getty Images). The Continental Army, smaller militias, and France's entry into the war on the colonists' behalf led to victory over the British. Dr. C. Mackey Daniels. As in many other cities around the country, there were unrest and riots partially in response to the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., on April 4.On May 27, a group of 400 people, mostly blacks, gathered at 28th and Greenwood Streets, in the Parkland neighborhood. As in previous riots, most of the damage was done in black neighborhoods. Race is still a major issue in current day society, but the separation, turmoil, and anger associated with race issues seem to have diminished greatly over time. The police officers involved in this event chose to take on unnecessary actions that resulted in numerous days of unrest, instability, and danger for the West End Community. There was 200,000 dollars of damage done to the city. They are not racists or sick; they are not guilty of the crime that plagues the land. Blaming the nations leaders for Americas convulsive state, Nixon offered himself as the solution: leadership that would crack down on lawlessness and counteract years of what he characterized as Democratic failure. It was the second night in a row hundreds flocked downtown to make their voices . outside the Democratic National Convention. Two black teenage rioters had died, and $200,000 in damage had been done. 50 Years Later: Remembering Louisville's 1968 riots -- Part I, Remembering the 1968 riots 50 years later, Part I, LG&E gives power outage update for Fridays severe weather, WAVE Weather Now Syncbak Channel Embed for PBE Page, Man killed in Blankenbaker Lane crash identified by officials, 50th Anniversary of Louisville Riots of 1968, Two-minute horse race took years to sort out 1968 winner, City honors life, legacy of Rev. Reid and Thomas were arrested.Three weeks later, a rally was called in response to the arrests; 350-400 people attended. TheFair Housing Actpassed by Congress on April 11, 1968 was one such measure. The pattern didnt end with RFKs assassination. Klicken Sie auf Alle ablehnen, wenn Sie nicht mchten, dass wir und unsere Partner Cookies und personenbezogene Daten fr diese zustzlichen Zwecke verwenden. $13.5 million in damage was sustained in the city. Dr. C. Mackey Daniels Reid's arrest, combined with Dr. Martin Luther King's Jr.'s assassination weeks earlier -- and the reality of other cities going up in flames -- all contributed to .
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